1. Language for interpreting a graph, a diagram, and a table
a. A Graph

The Conversation Pattern Language
Conversation Pattern Language is a pattern which describes an overview of conversation for collaboration. These conversations allow the declaration of Contexts, which can be other pattern languages, allowing a group to name its patterns of discourse, as well as evolve them over time. This language allows a conversation to evolve over time, coevolving what we know with what we don’t know. Some of these patterns which may shape this process are listed below. pattern language graph

Greeter
The greeter is a context for greeting newcomers to the conversation. They are introduced to the contexts employed in the conversation, the most active threads of discussion, and given a chance to familiarize themselves with the styles of the group.

Policy
This describes the policies which determine the interaction within the conversation, for example, the ability to add participants, the copyright status of the information contributed to the conversation, the privacy policy, acceptable use standards, etc.

Context
This is a list of the patterns which are used in this conversation. These patterns may be defined in pattern_languages (e.g. uplift-pattern_language , glossaries (UMLS for medical disease information), or dictionaries (standard English dictionary)

Intent
This defines the intent of a conversation, the goals the participants seek to reach as a result of interacting. Different Participants may declare different intents, which is visible to all.

Expansive Linguistic Shell
Expansive conversations are those which include the Unknowledge pattern language, which allows the shell to use named voids, growing the context of the conversation adaptively.

Restricted Shell
A Restricted Shell constrains a conversation to know terminologies and contexts.

Discussion
Discussions are threaded groups a communication, perhaps email, instant messages, news posting, blog entries, RSS aggregations, or other knowledge objects which are threaded together into a discusion in the context of the conversation.

Thread
A specific thread within a discussion.

Action
This is the set of actions participants might do within a conversation. This couples the discussion with behavior, so that participants can see what they can do, what others have done, and replicate whatever successful activities.

Participant
A list of the participants in a conversation, including agents and people. Participants are tracked by the degree of activity in the conversation, their preferred contexts, reputation, etc.

Shell
The Linguistic shell of a conversation is the set of contexts within which communication is intended.
WITT
Conversations may be linked to a stack of Contexts which then shape the conversation. These contexts may be declared at the outset of the conversation, or may be declared during the conversation itself. Conversations which are structured by the patterns contained in the contexts are said to be Witty.
(http://www.nooron.org/know/uplift_linguistic_shell/scalefree_pattern_language__pattern_language_graph.dot.jpg)
b. A Diagram

Language Interpretation, which is an easier-to-digest term for simultaneous interpretation, is the procedure by which people that speak different languages can communicate with each other with only momentary time delay, using professional interpreters and specialized equipment. The most common error in terminology is to refer to language interpretation as “translation”. Translation refers to the written word and is usually a literal translation (this word in this language means that word in that language). Language interpretation refers to the spoken word, and is easier described as “this is how we would communicate that message in our culture”, often using a completely different set of words.

The next question is inevitably “don’t they have computers that do that now?” The answer is no, they don’t. The nuances of culture and language are a bit too advanced for a pc to deal with at present. Language interpretation still requires first and foremost a human being that is very skilled in the language arts, called a simultaneous interpreter. These performers are able to listen to speech in one language, instantaneously convert it to another language (and culture) in their head, while carrying on the conversation in the second language. WHAT??? This is not as easy as it may sound and takes a highly trained individual to do this. Just being bi-lingual doesn’t cut it. Try repeating a news cast back to the TV, English to English, and don’t be surprised when you start tripping over your words after about five minutes.

Language Interpretation also requires specialized electronic equipment. A simultaneous interpretation system is actually a complex audio routing system designed specifically for this purpose. The audio needs to travel from the person speaking, in as pure a sound quality as is possible, to the interpreter, then back from the interpreter to those that want to understand the message in their own language.

In simple terms, a person speaking in the original or floor language must be speaking into a microphone to capture their speech. The audio is routed to a sound-proof booth in which a pair of simultaneous interpreters are seated at interpreter consoles with a headphone and a microphone each. They will take turns performing the interpretation with only one of them ever “live on-air” at a time. The “live” interpreter listens to the floor audio from their headphone, and simultaneously interprets it into a second language and speaks that interpreted language into their microphone. This process is repeated for each required additional language. The next step is to distribute the interpreted languages back into the audience and allow each participant to choose which language they want to listen to. This is accomplished with either a wired listening station solution or a wireless transmitter/receiver solution. In both cases, a channel selector, volume control, and headphone are supplied to achieve this functionality. That completes the circuit and the result is almost-real-time multi-cultural communication that bridges language and cultural barriers.
(http://listentech.wordpress.com/2009/09/18/how-does-language-interpretation-work/)

c. A Table

(http://www.rwjf.org/files/images/pr/figures/table8.jpg)
2. What are the differences between press release vs news letter

When a press release goes out, this is like sending up a big and colourful hot-air-balloon that has blinking neon lights informing random potential customers that a new store has opened. By day-three, our neon hot-air press release becomes a tiresome annoyance to those within viewing range, including the original potential customers. Press releases can really help announce an event, but they become old very fast.

Events that are advertised through a press release often fail in PR or Public Relations. Explosive little fluff pieces that announce a new store or service become outdated very quickly. When a press release is supplied to a general audience, no guarantees exist that individuals within this audience will share an interest area with the one found inside of the press release announcement.

How Public Relations differs.
While a press release is limited to telling the public a specific piece of information, good Public Relations invites the public to interact and explore the host company in a manner that allows a comfortable relationship to form. Example: A company based ‘human-interest’ article can allow all readers to think and explore the storyline, while still interacting with the host company by leaving comments about their thoughts on the article.

The idea behind a good Public Relations campaign is to use sociological factors related to interaction techniques to the benefit of the host company. For the most part, nobody likes to be told a fact without a way to respond. Instead, people react naturally to quiet advertising, such as a human-interest story, that allows for personal thoughts to be important and validated.

Company goals are normally all about public interactions; understanding how PR works is critical to a good advertising campaign. Simple press releases providing one piece of information to the general public will only result in random returns. When this traditional method of advertising fails, a good Public Relations campaign is needed to provide other avenues for the public to become comfortable using the host business.

It can be incredible value for money.
As a Public Relations manager plans a campaign, advertising pounds spent are extended over a longer period. Traditional press releases are short lived, while interesting article-style information is always there to entice new readers. Advertising budgets are further extended when potential customers are looking for information that the company is supplying.

This principle of making articles relevant and interesting holds true for the editors the publications as well. After all, you are looking to get those articles published and as interesting as your business is to you, an editor needs to consider their readers first. If they publish your piece is it just ‘free’ advertising for you, or will it actually benefit their audience.

So to ensure you achieve both a good chance of getting published as well as engaging with your potential audience it’s crucial to look at good PR as a tool. Don’t just quickly draft a press release and see if you can strong arm it into your local newspaper, just because you advertise regularly. Think how you like to read your newspapers and magazines, what gets you interested and what turns you off? Good quality journalism is key to this exercise so if you’re not a Wordsworth or a Shakespeare, look at getting in a professional.Traditional press releases hold value, but an interactive PR plan is a better use of time.

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