Sejarah Perkembangan Penerapan Telematika
Telematika merujuk pada hakikat cyberspace sebagai suatu sistem elektronik yang lahir dari perkembangan dan konvergensi telekomunikasi, media dan informatika[1]. Dalam Pengantar Mata Kuliah Hukum Telematika Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia dinyatakan bahwa istilah telematika merujuk pada perkembangan konvergensi antara teknologi telekomunikasi, media dan informatika yang semula masing-masing berkembang secara terpisah. Konvergensi telematika kemudian dipahami sebagai sistem elektronik berbasiskan digital atau the net[2]. Semua kegiatan dengan istilah work and play dapat menggunakan telematika sebagai penunjang kinerja usaha semua usaha dalam semua sektor sosial, ekonomi dan budaya[3].
Penerapan telematika sendiri sebenarnya sudah dimulai sejak era sebelum masehi. Berikut ini beberapa peristiwa penting dalam sejarah perkembangan telematika sejak 3000 sebelum masehi sampai tahun 2001.
|
Computers |
|
Telecommunications |
| Dust abacus is invented, probably in Babylonia |
3000 BC |
In Egypt papyrus scrolls and hieroglyphs are used |
|
1184 BC |
According to the play Agamemnon written by the Greek poet Aeschylos in 458 BC the fall of Troy was transmitted with torch signals to 555 km away Argos | |
| Bead-and-wire abacus originates in Egypt |
500 BC |
|
|
150 |
A 4500 kilometres wide smoke signals network covers the Roman Empire | |
| Brahmagupta writes Brahmasphutasiddhanta, the earliest known text to treat zero as a number in its own right |
628 |
|
| Wilhelm Schickard builds first four-function calculator-clock at the University of Heidelberg |
1624 |
|
| Blaise Pascal builds the first numerical calculating machine in Paris |
1642 |
|
| Gottfried Leibniz builds a mechanical calculating machine that multiplies, divides, adds, and subtracts |
1673 |
|
|
1809 |
Samuel Thomas Soemmering invents the electrical telegraph | |
|
1860 |
Antonio Meucci invents the telephone | |
|
1895 |
Guglielmo Marconi invents the wireless telegraph | |
| Konrad Zuse completes the Z1 electromechanical binary computer |
1938 |
|
|
1946 |
First mobile telephone service introduced by AT&T | |
| The IBM 650 becomes the first mass-produced computer |
1953 |
|
| Jack Kilby develops the first integrated circuit |
1958 |
The first communication satellite SCORE is launched |
| Texas Instruments completes the first hand-held calculator |
1967 |
|
|
1969 |
The ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) goes online and links the first two computers | |
| The first microprocessor the Intel 4004 is developed |
1971 |
|
| The first portable computer the Osborne 1 is released |
1981 |
|
|
1992 |
World Wide Web released by CERN. All major European operators start commercial operation of GSM networks | |
|
2001 |
The first commercial UMTS network is launched in Japan |
Pustaka:
[1] http://www.total.or.id/info.php?kk=Telematics
[2] http://www.law.ui.ac.is/lama/telematika/index.htm
[3] Ibid., h. 247
[4] http://www.telematique.eu/
[5] http://suciptoardi.wordpress.com/
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